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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Search/Retrieve via URL</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Search/Retrieve via URL</b> (<b>SRU</b>) ist ein technischer Standard für Suchanfragen (z. B. in <a href="../Bibliothekskatalog" title="Bibliothekskatalog">Bibliothekskatalogen</a>) in Form von <a href="../URL" class="mw-redirect" title="URL">URLs</a> über <a href="../HTTP-Request" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP-Request">GET-Requests</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>
<p>SRU ist im Rahmen der Initiative <b>Z39.50 International Next Generation</b> (ZING) entstanden, um eine Weiterentwicklung des <a href="../Z39.50" title="Z39.50">Z39.50</a>-Protokolls zu schaffen. Die dazugehörigen Techniken basieren auf etablierten Internet-Standards wie <a href="../Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a> und <a href="../Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</a>, die im Gegensatz zu Z39.50 über das <a href="../Bibliothekswesen" title="Bibliothekswesen">Bibliothekswesen</a> hinaus verbreitet sind. Dazu gehören:
</p>
<ul><li>SRW (Search/Retrieve for the Web)</li>
<li>CQL (<a href="../Contextual_Query_Language" title="Contextual Query Language">Contextual Query Language</a>)</li>
<li>ZOOM (Z39.50 Object Orientation Model)</li>
<li>ez3950 und ZeeRex.</li></ul>
<p>Ein Kernbestandteil der ZING-Initiative ist das <i>Search/Retrieve Web Service</i>-Protokoll (SRW), das Z39.50-ähnliche Abfragen über <a href="../Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> mittels einfacher HTTP-GET-Anfragen oder über das Protokoll <a href="../SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a> ermöglicht. Die Anfragen werden in der Retrievalsprache CQL formuliert und die Ergebnisse als XML zurückgeliefert. SRW wurde von der <a href="../Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> entwickelt und veröffentlicht.
</p><p>SRU bietet etwas weniger Funktionalität als SRW, dafür kommt es ohne SOAP aus und ist somit deutlich schlanker.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h2></div>
<p>Im folgenden Beispiel wird eine CQL-Anfrage <code>tit=… AND jhr=…</code> an den Bestand der <a href="../Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">DNB</a> gestellt. Die Metadaten sollen im <a href="../Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core">Dublin-Core</a>-Format geliefert werden:
</p><p><code>GET <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://services.dnb.de/sru/dnb?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=tit=Zangemann%20AND%20jhr=2021&recordSchema=oai_dc">https://services.dnb.de/sru/dnb?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=tit=Zangemann%20AND%20jhr=2021&recordSchema=oai_dc</a></code>
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?></span>
<span class="nt"><searchRetrieveResponse</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://www.loc.gov/zing/srw/"</span><span class="nt">><version></span>1.1<span class="nt"></version><numberOfRecords></span>1<span class="nt"></numberOfRecords><records><record><recordSchema></span>oai_dc<span class="nt"></recordSchema><recordPacking></span>xml<span class="nt"></recordPacking><recordData><dc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:dnb=</span><span class="s">"http://d-nb.de/standards/dnbterms"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:tel=</span><span class="s">"http://krait.kb.nl/coop/tel/handbook/telterms.html"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:dc=</span><span class="s">"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:xsi=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:title></span>Ada<span class="w"> </span>und<span class="w"> </span>Zangemann<span class="w"> </span>:<span class="w"> </span>Ein<span class="w"> </span>Märchen<span class="w"> </span>über<span class="w"> </span>Software,<span class="w"> </span>Skateboards<span class="w"> </span>und<span class="w"> </span>Himbeereis<span class="w"> </span>/<span class="w"> </span>Matthias<span class="w"> </span>Kirschner,<span class="w"> </span>Sandra<span class="w"> </span>Brandstätter<span class="nt"></dc:title></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:creator></span>Kirschner,<span class="w"> </span>Matthias<span class="w"> </span>[Verfasser]<span class="nt"></dc:creator></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:creator></span>Brandstätter,<span class="w"> </span>Sandra<span class="w"> </span>[Verfasser]<span class="nt"></dc:creator></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:publisher></span>Heidelberg<span class="w"> </span>:<span class="w"> </span>O’Reilly<span class="nt"></dc:publisher></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:date></span>2021<span class="nt"></dc:date></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:language></span>ger<span class="nt"></dc:language></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:identifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:type=</span><span class="s">"tel:URN"</span><span class="nt">></span>urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021120203175644280690<span class="nt"></dc:identifier></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:identifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:type=</span><span class="s">"tel:URL"</span><span class="nt">></span>http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021120203175644280690<span class="nt"></dc:identifier></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:identifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:type=</span><span class="s">"tel:ISBN"</span><span class="nt">></span>978-3-96010-628-9<span class="nt"></dc:identifier></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:identifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:type=</span><span class="s">"tel:URL"</span><span class="nt">></span>http://d-nb.info/1246880490/34<span class="nt"></dc:identifier></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:identifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:type=</span><span class="s">"tel:URL"</span><span class="nt">></span>https://oreilly.de/produkt/ada-und-zangemann/<span class="nt"></dc:identifier></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:identifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:type=</span><span class="s">"dnb:IDN"</span><span class="nt">></span>1246880490<span class="nt"></dc:identifier></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:subject></span>K<span class="w"> </span>Kinder-<span class="w"> </span>und<span class="w"> </span>Jugendliteratur<span class="nt"></dc:subject></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:type></span>Online-Ressource<span class="nt"></dc:type></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dc:relation></span>http://d-nb.info/1244441430<span class="nt"></dc:relation></span>
<span class="nt"></dc></recordData><recordPosition></span>1<span class="nt"></recordPosition></record></records><echoedSearchRetrieveRequest><version></span>1.1<span class="nt"></version><query></span>tit=Zangemann<span class="w"> </span>AND<span class="w"> </span>jhr=2021<span class="nt"></query><xQuery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:xsi=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:nil=</span><span class="s">"true"</span><span class="nt">/><recordSchema></span>oai_dc<span class="nt"></recordSchema></echoedSearchRetrieveRequest></searchRetrieveResponse></span>
</pre></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="../XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li>
<li><a href="../OpenURL" title="OpenURL">OpenURL</a></li>
<li><a href="../OpenSearch" title="OpenSearch">openSearch</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/">https://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/</a> – Offizielle SRU-Seite der <a href="../Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dnb.de/sru">https://www.dnb.de/sru</a> – Informationen zur SRU-Schnittstelle der <a href="../Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://listserv.loc.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=zng">http://listserv.loc.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=zng</a> – SRU Implementors Mailingliste</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://philosophie-wissenschaft-kontroversen.de/XML/index.php">https://philosophie-wissenschaft-kontroversen.de/XML/index.php</a> – Beispielseite aus einem philosophischen Lexikon</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://search.cpan.org/~bricas/SRU/">http://search.cpan.org/~bricas/SRU/</a> – Perl-Modul für SRU</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://search.cpan.org/~bricas/CQL-Parser/">http://search.cpan.org/~bricas/CQL-Parser/</a> – Perl-Modul für CQL</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/miku/srufetch">https://github.com/miku/srufetch</a> – Basic SRU endpoint retrieval</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/metaodi/sruthi">https://github.com/metaodi/sruthi</a> – SRU (Search/Retrieve via URL) client library for Python</li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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